COMPOSING REPORT IN QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

Styles in Composing a Report

Style or stylistic is a consistence occurrence in the text of certain items and structures, or types of items and structures, among those offered by the language as a whole. (Malmkjaer, 1991:438)

Style should appropriate with the topic, and don’t forget to serve a report with an assure arguments. There are several common guide which should be followed by the writers, that is:

a.       Make sentences in active voice form. If clarify passive voice, use “it is” and “there are” construction.
b.      Don’t be wary to use first pronoun “I” in order to make report seems intimate.
c.       If written in English, use “past tense” for report your activities. The conclusion – because it’s propriety scientific which you believe at the moment. Obviously clarified in “present tense”.
d.      Use descriptive words.
e.       Avoid not necessary jargon, this disturb reader when they read your research.
f.       Avoid using excessive word. Use simple and clearly word and clarify your purpose.
g.      Use footnote for every quotations, and give number chronologically, and put footnote below the page.
h.      Afford in order to make every page (in size A4) minimal there are 3 lines.

i.        Please complete your report with a visual display. 

Principles in Composing a Research Report

1. There are many important principle to consider in writing research report, there are many principles bellow constitute from result of the principles present in creation Lincoln & Guba (1985), Bogdan & Biklen (1982) Moleong (1991), Nasution (1992) Pattton, (1990), Faisal (1990), Susilo (1995) and Bungin (2001,2005,2006):

•   Research report must have structure to continuous between the part one with the other part, it must in order of logical from Chapter to Chapter.
• Research report is not similar with research proposal, research proposal is arranged before the research but report that written after the researching finishing.
• Language in research report is formal that match with standard language. Every quotation in research report must be presented by resources.
•   Research report is written which appropriate with research distance that had been determined and based on collected data.
• Research report is written according to range research and according to collecting the data. And without the other something doesn’t need in research report.
• In the research report the researcher has needs to checks the data for avoiding the mistakes in analyzing and pulling the conclusion.
•    Research report must given the opportunity to reanalyze by the other researcher.
• Research report is put down about the time limitation of  research.
•    Research report doesn’t need to claim by researcher as the perfect and final research.
•   Research report must consistence follow the model and limit range on what  has given in the first step.
• In the research report ought to be displayed clearly about context dimension from investigated phenomenology.
•  Research report becomes more interesting if written in explicit style, the words are easy to be understood, narration is flow and there is no repetition words.

 Stages in Composing a Qualitative Research Report

            In writing a qualitative research report, there are many stages which are observed by qualitative researcher. According to Lincoln & Guba (1985), there are three organization tasks in qualitative research, such as:

a.       Data recordings organization by using index composing.
b.      The making of temporary outline report. The intuitive design is prepared in the first concept framework by the researcher.
c.       The making of the materials cross-reference which are given by temporary design.
d.      The writing process of first draft report builds on reporting design, includes audit tracing and references.
e.       Study and revision report. 

Format of Qualitative Research Report

Report format suggested by Moleong (1990) cited in Syamsuddin (2007):

 I. Background of study, identification of problem, the aim of research

            A. Background of study

1. The beginning of the research is conducted

2. Reason performed by a research

3. This research is conducted  by whom, what the purpose is, who defray it

4. What this research is conducted alone or by researcher team, whose and how its determination

            B. Problem and research demarcation

1. Research question

2. Reason ( to reply the raised question)

3. Focus as research limitation

            C. Target, usefulness, and research prospect

1. Research aim

2. Research benefit and result

3. Research prospect 

II. Theoretical Review

            A. Picture totally

            B. Guidance for the study

 III. Methodology Of Research

            A. Description of background, data source, and researcher attendance

1) Research background

2) Data source

3) Researcher Attendance

            B. Description of researcher as a tool and research method that used

1) Description of Researcher as a tool for collecting data

2) Method which is used and beneficial process

            C. Phases of research and sampling

1) phases and schedule of research

2) Sampling : situation and subject

            D. Process the record and data analysis  

1) Process of data Record

2) Process of data analysis

 IV. Data Presentation

            A. Finding Description

1) Description of Information: result of observation and or interview

2) Other description of information

            B. Description of data analysis record

1) Presentation of pattern, theme, tendency, and motivation which appear from data

2) Presentation of categorize, system clarify and tipology ( what by subject to explain its world

C. Interpretation and expalanation

                        1) Work hypothesis

                        2) Problem that related to motive and consequence

V. Audit technic of data Authenticity

            A. Lengthening of observer attendance

            B. colleague Discussion

            C. Analyse the negative case 

D. Sufficiency of  referential

            E. Triangulation : method, source, researcher

            F. Checking of member

            G. Auditing

VI. Conclusion and recommendation

            A. What are the important finding?

            B. What are implication from finding ?

C. What are recommendation that proposed ?

Structure of Qualitative Resesarch Report (Musthafa, 1997)

Abstract

Dedication

Acknowledgments

Vita

List of figure

Chapters:

1.      Background of the problem

1.1              rationale for the study

1.2              research questions

1.3              definitions of terms

1.4              general approach to the study

1.5              significance of the study

2.      Review of related literature

2.1              constructivist views of learning and instruction

2.2              integrated language arts and project-based instructions

2.3              project-based, integrated language arts instruction

2.4              literacy activities for content learning

2.5              Project-based instructions: potential and requirements.

3.      Research methodology

3.1              overview of the methodology

3.2              design of the research

3.3              the research site

3.4              data collection

3.5              analysis of the data

4.      Result of the analysis

5.      Discussion

Appendix A    : statement of philosophy

Appendix B    : learning goals

Appendix C    : sample of work

List of references

List of figures

CONCLUSION

Reporting qualitative research requires finding a way to tell the 'story' of the research in a clear and cogent way. In doing this it is important that the subtlety, richness and detail of the original material is displayed while keeping the right balance between description and interpretation. There is also a need to demonstrate the bases on which interpretations have been made, or conclusions reached, through showing the 'building blocks' of the evidence; and to provide sufficient detail of the methods and conduct of the study for decisions about wider inference to be judged.

Style should appropriate with the topic, and don’t forget to serve a report with an assure arguments. Style or stylistic is a consistence occurrence in the text of certain items and structures, or types of items and structures, among those offered by the language as a whole.

  REFERENCES

Alwasiah, A. Chaedar. 2002. Pokoknya Kualitatif. Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya.

AR, Syamsuddin. 2006. Metode penelitian pendidikan bahasa. Bandung: remaja rosdakarya.

Bungin, M. Burhan 2007. Penelitian kualitatif: komunikasi, ekonomi, kebijakan public, dan ilmu social lainnya. Jakarta: kencana.

Margono, S. 2005. Metodologi penelitian pendidikan. Jakarta: rineka cipta.